UTSHINTSHO LWEZOQOQOSHO KUNYE NOKUGQIBELA

Ukusungulwa kombane ophezulu (i-UHV yombane) isetyenzisiwe e-China ukusukela ngo-2009 ukuhambisa zombini (i-AC) kunye nombane othe ngqo (i-DC) yokwahlula imithombo yamandla e-China kunye nabathengi. Ukwandiswa komthamo we-AC kunye ne-DC kuyaqhubeka ukwenzela ukuba uthelekise isizukulwana kwimfuno zokusebenzisa ngelixa kuncitshiswa ilahleko yothumelo. Ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokugqibela kuya kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kweSizukulwana esiSebenzayo esiPhezulu, esikufuphi nonxweme, ngokusebenza kakuhle kwale mihla ngokungcoliseka okungaphantsi kwezixhobo zamandla.

Imvelaphi

Ukusukela ngo-2004, ukusetyenziswa kombane eTshayina khulise iqondo elingathethekiyo ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo ophuhliso. Ukunqongophala okunzulu ngo-2005 kuye kwachaphazela ukusebenza kweenkampani ezininzi zaseTshayina. Ukusukela ngoko, i-China ityale imali yombane ukuze ibonelelwe ngemfuno kwimizi mveliso kwaye ngenxa yoko kukhula uqoqosho olukhuselekileyo. Umthamo wokuveliswa ofakiweyo usuka kwi-443 GW ekupheleni kuka-2004 ukuya kwi-783 GW ekupheleni kwe-United States, okanye i-1,42 i-TWH.CHING kwi-6,3china ye-TWH.china I-TWH ngo-2018 ukusuka kwi-4,690 i-4,690, nge-1,053 GW i-1,056 GW i-1,056 GW ye-GW, kunye ne-100gw ye-GW, kunye ne-40gw yendalo yendalo ngo-2011.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuhanjiswa

Kwicala lokusasaza kunye nokusasaza, ilizwe ligxile ekwenziweni kwesakhono sokwanda kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ngo:

I-1. Ukukhuphela umgama omde-upow-fistrage of Predied Opper the Direct Opper (Uhvdc) kunye ne-Ultra-High-High-High-Hot-voltage itshintsha intetho yangoku (i-UHVEC)

2.Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-amorphous yensimbi

I-UHV Servement jikelele

Usulelo lwe-UHV kunye nenani lesekethe ye-Uhvac sele lenziwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Umzekelo, i-2,322 km iseketheni ye-1,150 kv yakhiwe kwi-USSR yangaphambili, kwaye i-427 km isekethe i-1 000 ye-1 000 ye-1 000 ye-KV iphuhlisiwe eJapan (Kitta-Iwaki Powerline). Imigca yovavanyo yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ikwafumaneka kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwale migca ngoku lusebenza kwi-voltage esezantsi ngenxa yemfuno yamandla aneleyo okanye ezinye izizathu. Kukho imizekelo embalwa ye-Uhvdc. Nangona zininzi i-500 kv (okanye ngezantsi) isekethe ihlabathi jikelele, ekuphela kwesekela imibutho yothutho yombane kwi-Hydro-quip yombane ngo-2018) kunye ne-Itaipu ± 400 kV ERussia, umsebenzi wokwakha nge-2400 km biplar ± 750 KV DC, i-HVDC Ekibust-Iziko laqala ngo-1978 kodwa alizange ligqitywe. E-USA ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ye-1333 kv ye-1333 kV yacwangciswa kwisikhululo saseCelilo ukuya kwidama laseHoover. Kule njongo umlinganiso olingwayo olufutshane kufutshane nesikhululo soCwangciso seClilo, kodwa umgca ukuya kwidama yeHoover akazange akheke.

Izizathu zothungelwano lwe-UHV eTshayina

Isigqibo sika-China sokuhamba ugqithiso lwe-UhV lusekwe kwinto yokuba izibonelelo zamandla kude namaziko emithwalo. Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-hydropower zisentshona, kwaye amalahle entsiba emantla ntshona, kodwa imithwalo enkulu ihleli empuma nasezantsi. Ukunciphisa ilahleko yothungelwano kwinqanaba elilawulwayo, usulelo lwe-UHV lulukhetho olusengqiqweni. As the State Grid Corporation of China announced at the 2009 International Conference on UHV Power Transmission in Beijing, China will invest RMB 600 billion (approximately US$88 billion) into UHV development between now and 2020.

Ukuphunyezwa kwegridi ye-UHV kwenza ukuba ukwakhiwa kwe-intsha, isicoci, izityalo ezomeleleyo zokuvelisa amandla kude kumaziko abantu. Izityalo zamandla ezindala ngaselunxwemeni ziya kuthatha umhlala phantsi. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani langoku lokungcoliseka, kunye nongcoliseko oluvakala ngabemi ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezihlala ezidolophini. Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezikhulu eziphambili ezibonelela ngokufudumeza kombane nangaphantsi kokuhambisa i-bolernes esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amakhaya aphezulu ngokususa i-Itters

Iiseketi ze-UHV zigqityiwe okanye zakhiwa

Njengakwi-2021, iisekethe ze-UHV ze-UHV zezi:

 

Ukwakhiwa okungaphantsi kwe-Uhv:

 

Impikiswano ngaphezulu kwe-UHV

Kukho impikiswano malunga nokuba ulwakhiwo olucetyiswe yiRidi yeRhafu yeChidi ye-Chid ye-Chid sisicwangciso sokuziphatha ngakumbi kwaye silwe nokubuyiswa kwegridi yegridi.

Ngaphambi kwesivumelwano se-paris, esenze ukuba kufuneke ukuba ikhuphe amalahle, ioyile kunye negesi, kuye kwakho impikiswano ngaphezulu kwe-UHV yowama-2004 xa i-Chidi yeGidi ye-Chidi ye-China yayiceba umbono we-UHV. Impikiswano igxile kwi-UHVAC ngelixa umbono we-Uhvdc wamkelwe ngokubanzi

1. Ukhuseleko kunye nemicimbi yokuxhomekeka: Ngokwakhiwa kwe-UHV yoSutread UhV, igridi yamandla ejikeleze lonke ilizwe iqhagamshelwe ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukuba ingozi yenzeke kumgca omnye, kunzima ukunciphisa umda kwifuthe lendawo encinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba amathuba okubaleka aya phezulu. Kwakhona, inokuba sengozini enkulu yobunqolobi.
   
2. Umcimbi weNtengiso: Yonke eminye imigca yokuhambisa i-UHV kwihlabathi ngoku isebenza kwi-voltage engezantsi kuba akukho mfuneko yaneleyo.Inokwenzeka kuphando olude kakhulu. Nangona uninzi lwezixhobo zamalahle zikwindawo esemantla ntshona, kunzima ukwakha izityalo zamandla amalahle apho kuba bafuna inani elikhulu lamanzi kwaye oko kunqongophele kwi-Northwwst China. Kwaye nophuhliso loqoqosho eNtshona China, ibango lombane liyonwabisa kule minyaka.
3. Imicimbi yezeNdalo kunye nokuSebenza: Ezinye iingcali zixambulisana imigca ye-UHV ayizukugcina umhlaba ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokwakha izithuthi ezongeziweyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezityalo ezona zityhutyha amanzi entshona. Omnye umba wokuhambisa impumelelo. Sebenzisa ubushushu obuhlanganisiweyo kunye namandla kwisiphelo somsebenzisi kunamandla ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa amandla ukusuka kwimigca yokuhambisa umgama omde.
   
4. Umcimbi woqoqosho: Utyalomali luthando luqikelelwa ukuba libe yi-270 yezigidigidi (ezijikeleze i-US $ 40 yezigidigidi), ebiza kakhulu kunokwakha i-RAILROAR eNtsha yokuThengisa.

Njengoko u-UHV ubonelela ngamandla okudlulisela amandla ahlaziyiweyo kwiindawo ezikude ngendlela enokubakho enkulu yokufakelwa okukhulu kwamandla omoya kunye neefotovoltaics. I-SGCC ikhankanya amandla okwenza amandla omoya kwi-200 gw kwingingqi yeXinjiang.

I-Sichuan D & F I-COGD.Njengomenzi ophambili kwizixhobo zokufakelwa kombane, iinxalenye zombane zesakhiwo, ibha yebhasi yebhasi ye-rigid, singomnye wabathengisi beebhasi eziguqukayo kunye neeprojekthi zebhasi ze-Uhvdc ye-UhvDc yosulelo. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, nceda undwendwele iwebhusayithi yam ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemveliso.