Ukuhanjiswa kombane we-Ultra-high-voltage eTshayina

Ukuhanjiswa kombane we-Ultra-high-voltage (ukuhanjiswa kombane we-UHV) isetyenziswe e-China ukusukela ngo-2009 ukuhambisa umbane otshintshanayo wangoku (AC) kunye nowangoku ngqo (DC) kumgama omde owahlula izibonelelo zamandla kunye nabathengi baseTshayina. Ukwandiswa komthamo we-AC kunye ne-DC kuyaqhubeka ukuze kuhambelane nemveliso kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa ngelixa kuncitshiswa ilahleko yothumelo. Uphuculo lwe-Decarbonization luya kuba nesiphumo sokutshintshwa kokwenziwa kobuchule obuphantsi, obubekwe kufutshane nonxweme, ngokuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu wangoku kunye nongcoliseko oluncinane kufutshane nemithombo yamandla.

Imvelaphi

Ukususela ngo-2004, ukusetyenziswa kombane e-China kuye kwakhula ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo ezoshishino. Ukunqongophala okukhulu kobonelelo ngo-2005 kube nefuthe ekusebenzeni kweenkampani ezininzi zaseTshayina. Ukusukela ngoko, i-China ityale imali ngokugqithisileyo kubonelelo lombane ukuze izalisekise imfuno evela kumashishini kwaye kukhuselwe ukukhula koqoqosho. Umthamo wokuvelisa ofakiweyo uqhube ukusuka kwi-443 GW ekupheleni kuka-2004 ukuya kwi-793 GW ekupheleni kuka-2008. EJapan.Ebudeni bexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka kuye kwanyuka ukusuka kwi-2,197 TWh ukuya kwi-3,426 TWh.Usetyenziso lombane lwaseChina kulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kwi-6,800-6,900 TWh ngo-2018 ukusuka kwi-4,690 TWh ngo-2011, kunye nomthamo ofakelweyo ukufikelela kwi-1,4630 GW. ngo-2011, apho i-342 GW inamandla ombane, i-928 GW ngamalahle, i-100 GW umoya, i-43GW yenyukliya, kunye ne-40GW yegesi yendalo.

Ugqithiso kunye nokuhanjiswa

Kwicala lothumelo kunye nokuhanjiswa, ilizwe ligxile ekwandiseni umthamo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ngoku:

1. ukuhambisa umgama omde we-ultra-high-voltage ngqo yangoku (UHVDC) kunye ne-ultra-high-voltage alternating current (UHVAC) transmission

2.ukufaka i-high-effective amorphous metal transformers

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV kwihlabathi liphela

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV kunye nenani leesekethe ze-UHVAC sele zakhiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Umzekelo, iikhilomitha ezingama-2,362 zeesekethe ze-1,150 kV zakhiwa kwindawo eyayisakuba yi-USSR, kwaye ii-427 km ze-1,000 kV AC circuits ziye zaphuhliswa eJapan (Kita-Iwaki powerline). Imigca yovavanyo yezikali ezahlukeneyo ikwafumaneka kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwale migca lusebenza ngoku kumbane ophantsi ngenxa yokungonelanga kwemfuno yamandla okanye ezinye izizathu. Kukho imizekelo embalwa ye-UHVDC. Nangona kukho iisekethe ezininzi ezimalunga ne-±500 kV (okanye ngaphantsi) kwihlabathi jikelele, ekuphela kweesekethe ezisebenzayo ngentla kwalo mqobo yinkqubo yokuhambisa umbane yaseHydro-Québec kwi-735 kV AC (ukususela ngo-1965, ubude obuyi-11 422 km ngo-2018) kunye ne-Itaipu ± Iprojekthi ye-600 kV eBrazil. E-Russia, umsebenzi wokwakha kumzila we-bipolar oyi-2400 km ubude ±750 kV DC, i-HVDC Ekibastuz–Centre yaqala ngo-1978 kodwa ayizange igqitywe. E-USA ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kwacetywa umbane we-1333 kV ukusuka kwiSikhululo sokuGuqulela iCelilo ukuya kwiDama laseHoover. Ngale njongo kwakhiwa umtya omfutshane wovavanyo wombane kufutshane neSikhululo sokuGuqulela iCelilo, kodwa umgca oya kwiDama laseHoover zange wakhiwa.

Izizathu zosulelo lwe-UHV eTshayina

Isigqibo seTshayina sokuya kuthumelo lwe-UHV sisekelwe kwinto yokuba imithombo yamandla ikude kumaziko omthwalo. Uninzi lwemithombo yombane usentshona, kwaye amalahle asemntla-ntshona, kodwa imithwalo emikhulu isempuma nasezantsi. Ukunciphisa ilahleko yosulelo ukuya kwinqanaba elilawulekayo, usulelo lwe-UHV lukhetho olunengqiqo. Njengoko i-State Grid Corporation yase-China yabhengeza kwiNkomfa yeZizwe ngezizwe ye-2009 kwi-UHV Power Transmission e-Beijing, i-China iya kutyala i-RMB 600 yeebhiliyoni (malunga ne-US $ 88 billion) kuphuhliso lwe-UHV phakathi kwangoku kunye ne-2020.

Ukuphunyezwa kwegridi ye-UHV kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso yamandla emitsha, ecocekileyo, esebenza ngempumelelo kude namaziko oluntu. Amaziko ombane amadala ngaselunxwemeni aya kuba semhlala phantsi. Oku kuya kuthoba isixa esikhoyo sisonke songcoliseko, kwakunye nongcoliseko oluviwa ngabemi kwiindawo zokuhlala ezidolophini. Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezinkulu zamandla aphakathi ezibonelela ngokufudumeza kombane nazo zingcolise ngaphantsi kunezibhoyila ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ubusika kwimizi emininzi yasemntla.Igridi ye-UHV iya kunceda isicwangciso saseTshayina sokufakelwa kombane kunye ne-decarbonization, kwaye sikwazi ukudityaniswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokususa ibhotile yokuhambisa ukuba kungoku nje inciphisa ukwandiswa kwamandla omoya kunye nelanga ngelixa iphuhlisa ngakumbi urhwebo lwezithuthi zombane zomgama omde e-China.

Iisekethe ze-UHV zigqityiwe okanye zisakhiwa

Ukusukela ngo-2021, iisekethe ze-UHV ezisebenzayo zezi:

 

Ulwakhiwo oluphantsi/lulungiselela imigca ye-UHV zezi:

 

Ingxabano nge-UHV

Kukho impikiswano malunga nokuba ingaba ulwakhiwo olucetywayo yi-State Grid Corporation yase-China sisicwangciso-qhinga sokusebenzisa i-monopolistic ngakumbi kunye nokulwa nohlaziyo lwegridi yamandla.

Ngaphambi kweSivumelwano saseParis, esenze ukuba kube yimfuneko ukuphelisa amalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi, kukho impikiswano malunga ne-UHV ukususela ngo-2004 xa i-State Grid Corporation yaseChina iphakamisa ingcamango yokwakhiwa kwe-UHV. Ingxabano igxile kwi-UHVAC ngelixa ingcamango yokwakha i-UHVDC yamkelwe ngokubanzi.

1. Imiba yokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka: Ngokwakhiwa kweentambo zothumelo lwe-UHV ngakumbi nangakumbi, igridi yamandla ejikeleze isizwe siphela iqhagamshelwe ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukuba ingozi yenzeke kumgca omnye, kunzima ukunciphisa impembelelo kwindawo encinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba amathuba okucima umbane aya eba phezulu. Kwakhona, isenokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi kubugrogrisi.
   
2. Umba weMarike: Zonke ezinye iintambo zothumelo lwe-UHV kwihlabathi jikelele ngoku zisebenza kumbane ophantsi ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuno yaneleyo.Ikhono losasazo lomgama omde lifuna uphando olunzulu ngakumbi. Nangona uninzi lobutyebi bamalahle bukumntla-ntshona, kunzima ukwakha amaziko ombane wamalahle apho kuba adinga amanzi amaninzi kwaye ngumthombo onqabileyo lowo kumntla-ntshona weTshayina. Kwaye ngokunjalo nophuhliso loqoqosho entshona China, imfuno yombane iye ikhula kule minyaka.
3. Imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle: Ezinye iingcali zixoxa ngelithi iintambo ze-UHV aziyi kusindisa umhlaba omninzi xa kuthelekiswa nokwakha iindlela zikaloliwe ezongezelelekileyo zokuthutha amalahle okwandisiweyo kunye nombane wendawo. kuthintelwe. Omnye umba kubuchule bokuhambisa. Ukusebenzisa ubushushu obudibeneyo kunye namandla ekupheleni komsebenzisi kunamandla ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa amandla avela kwiintambo zothumelo lomgama omde.
   
4. Umba wezoqoqosho: Utyalo-mali lulonke luqikelelwa kwi-270 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi (malunga nama-40 eebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US), nto leyo ebiza kakhulu kunokwakha umzila kaloliwe omtsha wothutho lwamalahle.

Njengoko i-UHV inika ithuba lokudlulisa amandla avuselelekayo ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude kunye nesakhono esikhulu sofakelo olukhulu lwamandla omoya kunye neefotovoltaics. I-SGCC ikhankanya isakhono esinokwenzeka samandla omoya angama-200 GW kummandla weXinjiang.

Sichuan D&F Electric Co.,Ltd.njengomvelisi ohamba phambili kwizinto zokugquma umbane, iindawo zokugquma umbane zesakhiwo, ibha yebhasi elaminethiweyo, ibha yebhasi yobhedu eqinile kunye nebha yebhasi eguquguqukayo, singomnye wababoneleli abaphambili beendawo zokugquma kunye nemivalo yebhasi elaminethiweyo kwezi projekthi zothumelo lwe-UHVDC. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, nceda undwendwele iwebhusayithi yam ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemveliso.